Question.
Name the factors influencing agriculture?
( Chapter - 4 Agriculture, Cass 8 NCERT Resources and Development ( Geography) )
Answer.
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating crops and animal husbandry on the soil. Agriculture activities involve both growing crops and rearing livestock.
The following factors influence agriculture :
- Physical factors or natural factors
- Human factors
Role of physical factors on agriculture:
The topography of the land (plain, plateau, hilly), soils( fertility, thickness), and climate( precipitation and temperature) are major physical factors that influence agriculture.
Sunshine, rainfall, temperature, soil, and slope are major influencing physical input factors of agriculture.
Plains areas are suitable for growing crops and vegetables while plateau and hilly areas are used for both growing crops and livestock rearing.
Fertile soils are preferred for growing crops whereas less fertile soils are used for livestock rearing.
Moist and humid climates are preferred for growing crops whereas arid and semi-arid land is used for livestock rearing.
Role of human factors on agriculture:
Human factors like seeds, fertilizer, machinery, labor, chemicals, storage, population density, plowing, sowing, irrigation, weeding, agricultural technology, and harvesting influence agriculture.
Quality of inputs like seeds and fertilizer are very much required for good agriculture.
Timely processes of agriculture like sowing, irrigation, weeding, harvesting, and storage also influence agriculture.
Population density affects the types of agriculture; for example, densely populated regions do intensive agriculture.
The level of technology in agriculture influences agriculture; for example in subsistence farming level of technology is low and in commercial farming the level of technology used is high.
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