1. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below the lists: (BEO 2020)
List-I
(Biosphere Reserve)
A. Nokrek
B. Manas
C. Similipal
D. Agasthyamalai
List-II
(States of India)
1. Assam
2. Kerala
3. Meghalaya
4. Odisha
Codes:
A B C D
a) 3 4 2 1
b) 4 2 3 1
c) 3 1 4 2
d) 2 3 4 1
Answer. c) 3 1 4 2
2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. (UPPSC 2013)
List-I List-II
(Biosphere Reserve) (Location)
A. Nokrek 1. Kerala
B. Manas 2. Assam
C. Dehang Debang 3. Meghalaya
D. Agasthyamalai 4. Arunachal Pradesh
Codes:
A B C D
a) 2 3 1 4
b) 3 2 4 1
c) 4 1 3 2
d) 1 4 2 3
Answer. b) 3 2 4 1;
- Agasthmalai is the southernmost and Dehang Debang is the easternmost biosphere reserve of India.
a) Biosphere Reserve
b) Botanical Gardens
c) National Parks
d) Wildlife Sanctuaries
Answer. a) Biosphere Reserve
4. Which of the following groups of gases contributes to the "Green House Effect"? (UPPSC 2013)
a) Ammonia and Ozone
b) Carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide
c) Carbon tetrafluoride and Nitrous oxide
d) Carbon dioxide and Methane
Answer. d) Carbon dioxide and Methane
5. Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem? (UPPSC 2013)
a) Desert
b) Mountain
c) Ocean
d) Forest
Answer. c) Ocean
6. Endangered species are listed in (UPPSC 2013)
a) Dead Stock Book
b) Red Data Book
c) Live Stock Book
d) None of the above
Answer. b) Red Data Book
7. Which of the following is the correct definition of "Agenda 21"? (UPPSC 2013)
a) It is an action plan of the U.N.O. for protecting human rights.
b) It is a book with 21 chapters on nuclear disarmament.
c) It is an action for the conservation of the global environment in the 21st century.
d) It is an agenda for the election of the president in the next meeting of SAARC.
Answer. c) It is an action for the conservation of the global environment in the 21st century.
Agenda 21 is the non-binding action plan of the United Nations in 1992 for sustainable development.
8. Photosynthesis using an invisible part of the sunlight is done by some. (UPPSC 2013)
a) Trees
b) Algae
c) Bacteria
d) Fungi
Answer. c) Bacteria; Bacteria can utilize the invisible part of the light which is the infrared part.
9. Which of the following Acts provides for protection to wild animals in India?
a) Wild Animal Protection Act – 1972
b) Forests Protection Act - 1982
c) Environment Protection Act - 1996
d) West Bengal Wild Animal Protection Act-1959
Answer. a) Wild Animal Protection Act – 1972;
Wild Animal Protection Act-1972.
It has six schedules:
- Schedule-1; Endangered species.
- Schedule 2: High-priority species.
- Schedule-3 to 4: Not endangered species.
- Schedule 5: The animal list that can be hunted.
- Schedule 6: Plants list that is forbidden for cultivation
10. In which state the Nelong Valley is located? ( UPPSC 2016)
a) Himachal Pradesh
b) Sikkim
c) Jammu and Kashmir
d) Uttarakhand
Answer. d) Uttarakhand; Nelong Valley is located in Uttarakhand. Gangotri NP is in Lelong Valley.
11. The maximum biodiversity is found in (UPPSC 2016)
a) tundra
b) coniferous forests
c) tropical rainforests
d) temperate forests
Answer. c) tropical rainforests
12. Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem? ( UPPSC 2016)
a) Rice field
b) Forest
c) Grassland
d) Lake
Answer. a) Rice field
13. In a food chain, man is ( UPPSC 2016)
a) Producer
b) Only primary consumer
c) Only secondary Consumer
d) Primary as well as secondary consumer
a) Habitat pollution
b) Introduction of exotic species
c) Overexploitation
d) Natural habitat destruction
Answer. d) Natural habitat destruction is the main reason for the decrease in biodiversity.
15. Which of the following is NOT an example of an in-situ conservation strategy? (UPPSC 2018)
a) Biosphere reserve
b) Botanical garden
c) National Park
d) Sacred groves
Answer. b) Botanical garden
16. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? (UPPSC 2018)
a) Bandipur National Park-Karnataka
b) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary-Assam
c) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary-Kerala
d) Simlipal National Park-Madhya Pradesh
Answer. d) Simlipal National Park-Madhya Pradesh( Simlipal NP is located in Odisha). It is famous for the "Simul" tree or silk cotton tree.
17. In which of the following ecosystems the species diversity is relatively higher? (UPPSC 2018)
a) Deep-sea
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Coral reefs
d) Desert
Answer. c) Coral reefs
18. Which painkiller given to cattle is responsible for the near extinction of vultures in India? (UPPSC 2018)
a) Ibuprofen
b) Acetaminophen
c) Asprin
d) Diclofenac
Answer. d) Diclofenac
a) the Yamuna
c) Sai
b) Gomati
d) Tamsa
Answer. a) the Yamuna
20. When was 'Project Tiger' launched in India? (UPPSC 2018)
a) 1968
b) 1972
c) 1984
d) 1993
Answer. b) 1972
21. Which of the following is an example of an anthropogenic biome? (UPPSC 2018)
a) Freshwater
b) Grassland
c) Rainforest
d) Cropland
Answer. d) Cropland
22. Dachigam National Park is associated with which of the following? (UPPSC 2018)
a) Musk Deer
b) Golden Oriole
c) Yellow-throated Marten
d) Hangul or Kashmir Stag
Answer. d) Hangul or Kashmir Stag; Dachigam National Park is located in Jammu & Kashmir.
23. When the World Biodiversity Day observed? (UPPSC 2018)
a) March,22
b) May, 22
c) June, 23
d) April, 16
Answer. b) May, 22
24. The Headquarters of 'Green Peace International' is located at (UPPSC 2018)
a) Amsterdam
b) Canberra
c) Ottawa
d) Nagasaki
Answer. a) Amsterdam , Netherland;
25. What is true about the ecosystem? (UPPSC 2019)
a) Primary consumers are least dependent upon the producer
b) Primary consumers out-number producers
c) Producers are more than primary consumers
d) Secondary consumers are the largest and most powerful
Answer. c) Producers are more than primary consumers
26. Concerning Eutrophication, which of the following statements is/are correct? (UPPSC 2019)
1. It is a phenomenon of nutrient enrichment of the water body.
2. It depletes the dissolved oxygen in the water.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Codes:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer. c) Both 1 and 2 only
27. The environment modified by human activities is called (UPPSC 2019)
a) Natural environment
b) Anthropogenic environment
c) Urban environment
d) Modern environment
Answer. b) Anthropogenic environment
28. Which of the following statements is NOT true? (UPPSC 2019)
a) Species diversity increases from the equator towards the poles
b) Tropics harbor more species than temperate areas.
c) The greatest biodiversity occurs in the Amazonian rainforest.
d) Species diversity decreases from temperate areas toward the poles
Answer. a) Species diversity increases from the equator toward the poles
29. Arrange the following events in chronological order of their commencement and select the correct answer from the codes given below: (UPPSC 2019)
i. Wild Life (Protection) Act
ii. Biological Diversity Act
iii. Project Tiger
iv. Project Elephant
Codes:
a) i,ii,iii,iv
b) i,iii,iv,ii
c) ii,iii,iv,i
d) ii,iii,i,iv
Answer. b) I, iii, iv, ii;
- Wildlife( Protection) Act: 1972;
- Project Tiger: 1973
- Project Elephant: 1992
- Biological Diversity Act: 2002
30. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion A and the other as Reason R.
Assertion (A maximum number of species of butterflies are found in tropical countries.
Reason (R): Butterflies can not tolerate low temperatures:
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Answer. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
31. The amount of energy during the transfer from one tropic level to another in an ecosystem. (UPPSC 2019)
a) Increase
b) Decreases
c) Remain constant
d) May increase or decrease.
Answer. b) Decreases
32. Which of the following is associated with biological nitrogen fixation? (UPPSC 2019)
a) Red algae
b) Brown Algae
c) Green Algae
d) Blue-green Algae
Answer. d) Blue-green Algae
33. The "Global-500" award is given for a rare achievement in which of the following fields? (UPPSC 2019)
a) Gene preservation
b) Environmental conservation
c) Population control
d) Pollution control
Answer. environmental conservation
34. The most biodiversity-rich area in India is: (UPPSC 2019)
a) Gangetic plain
b) Trans Himalayas
c) the Western Ghats
d) Central India
Answer. c) the Western Ghats
35. Who has propounded the concept of "Limit to Growth"? (UPPSC 2019)
a) Club of Rome
b) UNESCO
c) Brundtland Commission
d)Agenda 21
Answer. a) Club of Rome
36. Which one of the following is NOT a major cause of Wildlife Extinction? (UPPSC 2020)
a) Loss of natural habitat
b) To make a fire in the forest
c) Illegal commercial trade of wildlife
d) Fast pace of population growth
Answer. d) Fast pace of population growth;
37. The discussion on "Sustainable Development " was started after submitting a report on the environment to the United Nations in 1987. That report was (UPPSC 2020)
a) First report on climate change
b) Our common future
c) Second Report on Climate Change
d) Fifth Assessment Report
Answer. b) Our common future;
- Brundtland Commission Report 1987 or The World Commission on Environment and Development published the " Our Common Future" report that defines sustainable development.
I. Rio Earth Summit
II. Publication of Brundtland Commission report
III. Enforcement of Montreal Protocol
IV. Publication of "The Limit to Growth" report.
a) I, IV, III, II
b) IV, II, III, I
c) IV, III, II, I
d) IV, I, III, II
Answer. b) IV, II, III, I;
Rio Earth Summit: 1992
- Publication of Brundtland Commission report: 1987
- Enforcement of Montreal protocol: 1989(signed in 1987)
- Publication of "The Limit to Growth" report: 1972
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Haryana
d) Rajasthan
Answer. c) Haryana;
- National Chambal Sanctuary is also called "National Chambal Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary". It is home to critically endangered Gharial and red-roof turtles. It is located in the tripoint of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and UP.
40. Generally, the environment can be classified into the following categories. Which among the following is NOT a part of such categories? (UPPSC 2020)
a) Operational Environment
b) Physical Environment
c) Cultural Environment
d) Biological Environment
Answer. a) Operational Environment
41. The concept of "Ecological Transition" was first used by: (UPPSC 2020)
a) Elton
b) Bennett
c) Berkeley
d) Ratzel
Answer. b) Bennett;
- The concept of ecological transition was first used by John Bennet in 1976. Ecological Transition emphasizes the relationship between humans and the physical environment.
a) Bio-geo-chemical cycle
b) Bio-geological cycle
c) Ecological succession
d) Biological cycle
Answer. a) Bio-geo-chemical cycle
43. In which of the following years, was the Environment( Protection) Act passed by the Government of India? (UPPSC 2021)
a) 1982
b) 1986
c) 1990
d) 1992
Answer. b) 1986
44. Decomposers like fungi and bacteria are:
i. autotrophs
ii. heterotrophs
iii. saprotrophs
iv. chemo-autotrophs.
Choose the correct answer:
a) I and iii,
b) I and iv
c) ii and iii,
d) I and ii
Answer: c;
Decomposers like fungi and bacteria are heterotropic organisms as they eat dead organic matter. They are also known as saprotrophs as they meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading dead organic matter ( detritus).
45. Consider the following Statements given below:
1. Algae have been kept in the category of 'autotrophs'.
2. Algae prepare their own food with the help of green chlorophyll pigment.
3. Fungi have been kept in the category of 'Heterotroph' because they do not have green chlorophyll pigment.
Select the correct Option by using the codes given below -
a) Only 1
b) Only 1 and 2
c) only 2 and 3
d) 1,2, and 3
Answer. d) 1,2, and 3 ;
Green Algae are autotrophs.
46. Which of the following is not true about "Lichen"?
a) "Lichen" is comprised of algae and fungi species.
b) Lichens are pioneers species
c) Lichens secrete acids to dissolve rocks
d) Phytoplankton are examples of lichens.
Answer. d) Phytoplankton are examples of lichens.
47. Which of the following statements are true about Eutrophication:
1. Eutrophication decreases the biological oxygen demand (BOD)
2. Due to Eutrophication, algae grow rapidly.
3. Due to Eutrophication, aquatic organisms like fish die due to lack of oxygen.
4. Due to Eutrophication, Water pollution increases.
a) Only 1, 2, and 4
b) only 2,3, and 4
c) only 1, 2, and 3
d) 1,2,3,and 4
Answer. b) only 2,3, and 4;
Eutrophication increases the biological oxygen demand (BOD) as decomposer like bacteria requires a large amount of oxygen for the decomposition of dead algae.
48. The process of mineralization by microorganisms helps in the release of:
a) inorganic nutrients from the humus
b) both organic and inorganic nutrients from detritus
c) organic nutrients from the humus
d) inorganic nutrients from detritus and the formation of humus.
Answer: a; The humus is further degraded by some microbes and the release of inorganic nutrients occurs through the process known as mineralization
49. Arrange the options given below in their correct order:
1. Organism
2. Community
3. Population
4. Ecosystem
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 4,3,1,2
c) 1,3,2,4
d) 1,4,3,2
Answer. c) 1,3,2,4
An organism is a single living thing. The population is comprised of all organisms of the same species. A community is comprised of all living things of a particular place at the same time. The ecosystem is comprised of all living and non-living things.
50. Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of:
i. (kcal m–3) yr–1
ii. g–2 yr–1
iii. g–1 yr–1
iv. (kcal m–2) yr–1
a) ii,
b) iii,
c) ii and iv,
d) I and iii
Answer: c;
Primary production is defined as the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over some time by plants during photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of weight (gm–2 ) or energy (kcal m–2 )
51. Arrange the following Ecosystems in decreasing order of their productivity:
1. Mangrove
2. Grassland
3. Lake
4. Ocean
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 1,4,3,2
c) 1,3,2,4
d) 3,1,2,4
Answer. a) 1,2,3,4
52. Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mangroves?
a) Estuaries, Tidal Creeks, Backwaters, and Lagoons are examples of Mangrove ecosystems.
b) The development of mangrove vegetation is more in saline water than in brackish water.
c) West Bengal and Gujarat are the two states with the largest share of mangrove forest cover in India.
d) There is an increase in Mangrove vegetation cover of 17 square km from 2019 to 2021 as per India Forest Report 2021.
Answer. b) The development of mangrove vegetation is more in saline water than in brackish water.
53 . An inverted pyramid of biomass can be found in which ecosystem?
a) Forest
b) Marine
c) Grassland
d) Tundra
Answer: b; The pyramid of biomass in the sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fish far exceeds that of phytoplankton.
54. Pyramid of energy is always -------.
a) Upright
b) Inverted
c) Can be upright or can be inverted
d) None
Answer. a) Upright; The Pyramid of energy is always upright, and can never be inverted, because
when energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step
55. Which of the following is NOT true regarding "Ecotone"?
a) The transition zone between two or more ecosystems is called an "Ecotone".
b) Ecotone areas are very rich in biodiversity.
c) Mangrove and Estuary ecosystems are examples of ecotone.
d) There is a higher density and biodiversity along the ecotone. This phenomenon is known as the Ecological Niche.
Answer. d) There is a higher density and biodiversity along the ecotone. This phenomenon is known as the edge effect( not Ecological Niche).
56. All the biological, physical, and chemical factors required by a species for its survival are collectively called ----
a) Ecotone
b) Edge effect
c) Ecological Niche
d) Home Range
Answer. c) Ecological Niche
57. The area where a living residing and moves on a daily or periodical basis is known as -----
a) Ecotone
b) Edge effect
c) Ecological Niche
d) Home Range
Answer. d) Home Range
58 . Which of the following is not a producer?
a) Spirogyra
b) Agaricus
c) Volvox
d) Nostoc
Answer: b; Agaricus is a fungus.
59. Which of the following ecosystems is most productive in terms of net primary production?
a) Deserts
b) Tropical rainforests
c) Oceans
d) Estuaries
Answer: b; Tropical rainforests are most productive in terms of net primary production
60. Arrange the following Biomes from the equator towards the poles :
1. Tundra
2. Taiga
3. Prairie
4. Savanna
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 2,1,3,4
c) 4,3,2,1
d) 4,3,1,2
Answer. c) 4,3,2,1
61. Which of the following ecosystems has the highest biodiversity?
a) Tropical rainforest
b) Mangrove
c) Coral reef
d) Marshy ecosystem
Answer. c) Coral reef
62. Four Aquatic Foods are given below, arrange them into a Food Chain:
1. Phytoplankton
2. Zooplankton
3. Small Crustaceans
4. Predatory Insects
a) 1,2,4,3
b) 1,2,3,4
c) 2,1,4,3
d) 1,3,2,4
Answer. b) 1,2,3,4
63. Pyramid of numbers is:
a) Always upright
b) Always inverted
c) Either upright or inverted
d) Neither upright nor inverted
Answer: c; Pyramid of numbers is either upright or inverted.
64. Which of the following statements is false ;
a) The unit of the ‘Pyramid of numbers’ is individual per area.
b) The unit of the Biomass Pyramid is biomass per area per year.
c) The unit of the ‘Pyramid of energy’ is Calorie/Unit Area/Unit Time.
d) The pyramid of the number of grassland ecosystems is always upright.
Answer. b) The unit of the Biomass Pyramid is biomass per area per year. The unit of the Biomass Pyramid is mass per unit area.
65. Approximately how much of the solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis?
a) Less than 1%
b) 2-10%
c) 30%
d) 50%
Answer: b; about 2-10% of the solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis.
66. Among the following, where do you think the process of decomposition would be the fastest?
a) Tropical rainforest
b) the Antarctic
c) Dry arid region
d) Alpine region
Answer: a; Because of high humidity and temperature, the process of decomposition would be the fastest in Tropical rainforests;
67. The rate at which an Ecosystem/Biosystem stores energy (excluding energy used in respiration) is called the -----
a) Gross Primary Productivity
b) Gross Secondary Productivity
c) Net Primary Productivity
d) Net Secondary Productivity
Answer. c) Net Primary Productivity
68. How much of the net primary productivity of a terrestrial ecosystem is eaten and digested by herbivores?
a) 1%
b) 10%
c) 40%
d) 90%
Answer: b;
69. Arrange the following Forests in ascending order based on their Net Primary Productivity:
1. Tropical Rain Forest
2. Tropical Deciduous Forest
3. Temperate Evergreen Forest
4. Temperate Deciduous Forest
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 4,3,2,1
c) 4,2,3,1
d) 3,4,2,1
Answer. b) 4,3,2,1
70. During the process of ecological succession the changes that take place in communities are:
a) Orderly and sequential
b) Random
c) Very quick
d) Not influenced by the physical environment.
Answer: a; During the process of ecological succession the changes that take place in communities are Orderly and sequential;
71. Climax community is in a state of:
a) non-equilibrium
b) equilibrium
c) disorder
d) constant change.
Answer: b; Climax community is in a state of equilibrium;
72. Among the following biogeochemical cycles which one does not have losses due to respiration?
a) Phosphorus
b) Nitrogen
c) Sulphur
d) All of the above
Answer: d;
73. The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is:
a) phytoplankton, sedges, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, grasses, and trees.
b) phytoplankton, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, sedges, grasses, and trees.
c) free-floating hydrophytes, sedges, phytoplankton, rooted hydrophytes, grasses, and trees.
d) phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamps, sedges, meadows, and trees.
Answer: d;
74. The reservoir for the gaseous type of bio-geochemical cycle exists in
a) stratosphere
b) atmosphere
c) ionosphere
d) lithosphere
Answer: b; the atmosphere is the reservoir for the gaseous type of bio-geochemical cycle.
75. If the carbon atoms fixed by producers already have passed through three species, the trophic level of the last species would be.
a) scavenger
b) tertiary producer
c) tertiary consumer
d) secondary consumer
Answer: a; If the carbon atoms fixed by producers already have passed through three species, the trophic level of the last species would be scavenger;
76. Which of the following type of ecosystem is expected in an area where evaporation exceeds precipitation, and mean annual rainfall is below 100mm
a) Grassland
b) Shrubby forest
c) Desert
d) Mangrove
Answer: c;
77. The zone at the edge of a lake or ocean which is alternatively exposed to air and immersed in water is called:
a) Pelagic zone
b) Benthic zone
c) Lentic zone
d) Littoral zone
Answer: d;
78. The zone of a lake or ocean which is not associated with the shore or the bottom is called?
a) Pelagic zone
b) Benthic zone
c) Lentic zone
d) Littoral zone
Answer. a) Pelagic zone
79. The zone of a lake or ocean which is the lowest ecological zone in a water body, and usually involves the sediments at the bottom is called?
a) Pelagic zone
b) Benthic zone
c) Lentic zone
d) Littoral zone
Answer. b) Benthic zone
80. The aquatic ecosystem in which water is still, and is made up of ponds, marshes, ditches, lakes, and swamps. It is called?
a) Pelagic ecosystem
b) Benthic ecosystem
c) Lentic ecosystem
d) Littoral ecosystem
Answer. c) Lentic ecosystem
81. Edaphic factor refers to:
a) Water
b) Soil
c) Relative humidity
d) Altitude
Answer:b; Edaphic factor refers to the soil.
81. Which of the following is an ecosystem service provided by a natural ecosystem?
a) Cycling of nutrients.
b) Prevention of soil erosion.
c) Pollutant absorption and reduction of the threat of global warming.
d) All of the above.
Answer: d;
82. Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
a) Producers
b) Primary consumers
c) Secondary consumers
d) Decomposers
Answer: d; Decomposers have the largest population in a food chain.
83. The second trophic level in a lake is
a) Phytoplankton
b) Zooplankton
c) Benthos
d) Fishes
Answer: b; The second trophic level in a lake is Zooplankton
84. Secondary producers are
a) Herbivores
b) Producers
c) Carnivores
d) None of the above
Answer: a;
85. What is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the incident solar radiation?
a) 100%
b) 50 %
c) 1-5%
d) 2-10%
Answer: b;
86. If a particular plant species is placed under Schedule VI of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, what is the implication? (UPSC 2020)
a) a license is required to cultivate that plant.
b) Such a plant cannot be cultivated under any circumstances.
c) It is a Genetically Modified crop plant.
d) Such a plant is invasive and harmful to the ecosystem.
Answer. a) If a particular plant species is placed under Schedule VI of The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 a license is required to cultivate that plant;
87. Consider the following statements: (UPPSC 2019)
1. Some species of turtles are herbivores.
2. Some species of fish are herbivores.
3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores.
4. Some species of snakes are viviparous.
Which of the statements given above is correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2, 3, and 4 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer. d) 1, 2, 3, and 4; viviparous are those animals that produce live birth babies instead of eggs.
88. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard criterion for (UPSC 2017)
a) Measuring oxygen levels in the blood
b) Computing oxygen levels in forest ecosystems
c) Pollution affects aquatic ecosystems
d) Assessing oxygen levels in high-altitude regions
Answer. c) Pollution affects aquatic ecosystems
89. Consider the following States: (UPSC 2015)
1. Arunachal Pradesh
2. Himachal Pradesh
3. Mizoram
In which of the above States do 'Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests' occur?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer. c) 1 and 3 only
90. Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem'? (UPSC 2015)
a) A community of organisms interacting with one another
b) That part of the Earth that is inhabited by living organisms
c) A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area
102. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? ( UPPSC 2022)
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Chlorofluorocarbon
c) Methane
d) Argon
Answer. d) Argon
103. With reference to ecological niche, which of the following statements is/are correct? ( UPPSC 2022)
1. It represents the range of conditions that it can tolerate the resources it utilizes and its function role in the ecological system.
2. Each species has a distinct niche.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code:
a) only 1
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Only 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer. b) Both 1 and 2
104. Eco mark is given to a product which is ( UPPSC 2022)
a) Rich in Carbohydrate
b) Economically viable
c) Environmental Friendly
d) Unadulterated
Answer. c) Environmental Friendly
105. Which one of the following is NOT a " Sustainable Development Goal ( SDG) target to be achieved by 2030? ( UPPSC 2022)
a) Zero Hunger
b) Quality Education
c) Gender Equality
d) Space Research
Answer. d) Space Research
106. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists.
List I ( Bio reserve sector)
A. Manas
B. Sundarbans
C. Nanda Devi
D. Pachmarhi
List II ( State)
1. Madhya Pradesh
2. Uttarakhand
3. Assam
4. West Bengal
Codes:
A B C D
a) 3 4 2 1
b) 4 3 2 1
c) 1 2 3 4
d) 2 1 3 4
Answer. a) 3 4 2 1
107. Which of the following trees is dangerous for the environment? ( UPPSC 2022)
a) Banana
b) Eucalyptus
c) Babool
d) Neem
Answer. b) Eucalyptus;
108. Given below are true statements one is labeled as Assertion ( A) and the other as Reason ( R). ( UPPSC 2022)
Assertion ( A): Phytoplankton grow in abundance in the limnetic zone.
Reason ( R): The limnetic zone is an open water zone.
Code:
a) Both ( A) and ( R) are true, ( R) is the correct explanation of ( A)
b) Both ( A) and ( R) are true, ( R) is not the correct explanation of ( A)
c) ( A) is true, but ( R) is false
d) ( A) is false, but ( R) is true.
Answer. a) Both ( A) and ( R) are true, ( R) is the correct explanation of ( A)
109. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion ( A) and the other as Reason ( R): ( UPPSC 2021)
Assertion ( A): Various components of an ecosystem are not interdependent.
Reason ( R): Human activities have an impact on the environment.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Codes:
a) Both ( A) and ( R) are true, ( R) is the correct explanation of ( A)
b) Both ( A) and ( R) are true, ( R) is not the correct explanation of ( A)
c) ( A) is true, but ( R) is false
d) ( A) is false, but ( R) is true.
Answer. d) ( A) is false, but ( R) is true.
110. During the mid-80s decade of the twentieth century, the negative aspects of development were discussed at large. Which one among the following was NOT such important? ( UPPSC 2020)
a) Degradation of natural resources
b) Environmental pollution
c) Politics and Development
d) Displacement and Rehabilitation of masses
Answer. c) Politics and Development
111. With reference to Eutrophication, which of the following statement (s) is/are correct? ( UPPSC 2020)
1. It decreases the dissolved oxygen of water.
2. It is a phenomenon of nutrient enrichment of a water body.
Select the correct answer from given below:
Codes:
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer. c) both 1 and 2
112. Where was the Mitti Bachao ( Save the Soil) movement started in India? ( UPPSC 2020)
a) Thane, Maharashtra
b) Mysore, Karnataka
c) Darbhanga, Bihar
d) Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh
Answer. d) Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh
113. Without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature of the earth's surface would be
a) 0 degrees C
b) -18 degrees C
c) 5 degree C
d) -20 degrees C
Answer. b) -18 degrees C or 0 degrees Fahrenheit
F=9*C/5 plus 32
114. Which of the following makes the highest contribution to global warming?
a) C02
b) Water vapor
c) CH4
d) Ozone
Answer. b) Water vapor
115. The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a particular area is called? ( UPPSC 2020)
a) Ecological succession
b) Sere
c) Community dynamics
d) Pyramid of biome
Answer. b) Sere
116. Which of the following are the impacts of Global Warming? ( UPPSC 2020)
1. Rise in sea level
2. Melting of Glacier
3. Spread of disease
4. Bleaching of Coral reef
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1,2, and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1,3, and 4 only
d) 1,2,3, and 4
Answer. d) 1,2,3, and 4
117. Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
a) Squirrels in a temperate forest ecosystem
b) Lions in African Savanna
c) Sea Otters
d) Lichen
Answer. c) Sea Otters
118. Which of the following is a characteristic of an ecosystem?
a) It includes only living organisms
b) It is a static entity that does not change over time.
c) It includes both living and non-living components
d) It is limited to a specific area of the planet
Answer. c) It includes both living and non-living components
119. Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?
a) A lion hunting a gazelle
b) A bee collecting nectar from a flower
c) A tick feeding on a deer
d) A Hawk catching a mouse
Answer. b) A bee collecting nectar from a flower
120. Which of the following is a consequence of eutrophication?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Decreased Algae growth
c) Increased oxygen levels in water
d) Decreased fish populations
Answer. d) Decreased fish populations
121. Which of the following is an example of an invasive species?
a) A Native bird species in a forest
b) A non-native plant species introduced by humans
c) A dish species that is overfished
d) A migratory bird species that travels long distances
Answer. b) A non-native plant species introduced by humans
122. Which of the following is not a type of symbiotic relationship?
a) Commensalism
b) Mutualism
c) Parasitism
d) Predation
Answer. d) Predation
There are four main symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and competition.
Predation happens very quick, so it is not a symbiotic relationship.
123. Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species?
a) Oak trees
b) Dandelions
c) Sunflowers
d) Maple trees
Answer. b) Dandelions and lichen are pioneer species.
124. Which of the following kingdoms are included in the five-kingdom classification system proposed by Robert Whittaker?
a) Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
b) Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
c) Monera, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Viruses
d) Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Answer. a) Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
125. Which is the largest tiger reserve in India ( by core Area)?
a) Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand
b) Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh
c) Orang Tiger reserve, Assam
d) Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Telangana
Answer. b) Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh
126. Which is the largest tiger reserve in India ( by total Area)?
a) Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand
b) Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh
c) Orang Tiger reserve, Assam
d) Amrabad Tiger Reserve, Telangana
Answer. b) Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, Andhra Pradesh
127. Which is the smallest tiger reserve in India?
a) Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand
b) Manas Tiger reserve, Assam
c) Orang Tiger reserve, Assam
d) Amrabad Tiger reserve, Telangana
Answer. c) Orang Tiger reserve, Assam
128. Which is the second tiger reserve in India ( By total area)?
a) Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand
b) Manas Tiger reserve, Assam
c) Orang Tiger reserve, Assam
d) Amrabad Tiger reserve, Telangana
Answer. b) Manas Tiger reserve, Assam
129.
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