Question.
What are the essential virtues which are responsible for an ideal human ethical behavior according to Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss. ( 8 marks) (UPPSC GS paper 4 2021)
Answer.
Virtues are positive characteristics or habits of individuals that enable them to act in a morally good and just manner. Some common examples of virtues are honesty, integrity, wisdom, courage, compassion, and kindness.
Mahatma Gandhi was a great Indian independence leader, philosopher, and social activist, and above all, he was a virtuous human.
As per Mahatma Gandhi, essential virtues for an ideal human ethical behavior are Satya ( Truthfulness), Ahimsa ( Non-violence), Samanta (Equality), Tapasya ( Self-discipline), Nishkama Karma ( Selflessness), and Kshama ( Forgiveness).
Satya ( Truthfulness): As per Gandhi Ji, Truthfulness is the most important virtue as it leads to self-purification and realization of God. The individual should practice truthfulness in his thought, word, and work.
Ahimsa ( Non-violence): As per Mahatma Gandhi, Non-violence means the absence of physical violence, hatred, and enmity toward others.
Samanta (Equality): Gandhi ji believed in the equality of humans regardless of their race, caste, gender, or religion. Equality is the most important virtue that must have in order to achieve social justice in society.
Tapasya ( Self-discipline): As per Mahatma Gandhi, the Self-discipline of the individual is needed in the areas of food, sleep, and sexual desire.
Nishkama Karma ( Selflessness): The concept of selflessness of Gnadhi is the same as mentioned in Bhagavad Gita. Individuals should perform their duties without any expectation of return or personal gain. Selflessness ( Nishkama Karma) is an essential virtue for promoting social, political, and economic justice in society.
Kshama ( Forgiveness): As per Gandhi Ji, forgiveness is an essential virtue that requires to heal the relationship. Forgiveness requires strength and courage, and it is essential for personal and societal well-being, and social harmony.
So we can say, Mahatma Gandhi believed the essential virtues for ideal human ethical behaviors and achieving social justice are Satya ( Truthfulness), Ahimsa ( Non-violence), Samanta (Equality), Tapasya ( Self-discipline), Nishkama Karma ( Selflessness), and Kshama ( Forgiveness).
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