Question.
What is Sustainable Development Goal- 2030? Discuss the relevance of different agendas associated with it.
( UPPSC, UP PCS Mains General Studies-III/GS-3 2021)
Answer.
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) are initiatives of the United Nations General Assembly and it was adopted by UN General Assembly in 2015. It is universal action to end poverty, protect the planet Earth, and ensure peace and prosperity in society by 2030.
There are 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets in sustainable development goals (SDGs), each goal and target to be achieved by 2030 by every adopted country. Achieving these goals requires a holistic approach that balances economic, social, and environmental perspectives of development.
The following are 17 sustainable development goals (SDG) and the agendas associated with them;
No Poverty ( SDG 1); This goal aims to empower vulnerable and marginalized populations to eradicate extreme poverty and reduce inequality.
Zero Hunger ( SDG 2): This goal focuses on sustainable agriculture and rural development with the aim to achieve food security, improve nutrition, and end hunger.
Good health and Well-being ( SDG 3): This goal focuses on reducing neonatal, maternal, and child mortality; it also aims to combat diseases with an aim to ensure access to quality healthcare, and promote well-being for all.
Quality Education ( SDG 4): This goal aims to provide inclusive and equitable quality education for all, with a focus on lifelong learning opportunities and skills development.
Gender Equality ( SDG 5): This goal focuses on eliminating gender-based violence and promoting equal access to opportunities and resources with aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Clean Water and Sanitation ( SDG 6): This goal focuses on improving water management and reducing water pollution, with the aim to ensure access to clean water and sanitation for all.
Affordable and Clean Energy ( SDG 7): This goal focuses on promoting renewable energy sources and energy efficiency, with the aim to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
Decent work and economic growth ( SDG 8); This goal aims to work for inclusive and sustainable development that provides productive and decent work to all.
Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure ( SDG 9); This goal aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive, sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.
Reduced Inequalities ( SDG 10); This goal aims to reduce inequalities within the country, and also among countries, with a focus on promoting social, economic, and political inclusion for all.
Sustainable Cities and Communities ( SDG 11); This goal aims to make cities and communities inclusive, safe, and sustainable. This goal focuses on promoting sustainable urbanization and reducing the environmental impact of cities;
Responsible Consumption and Production ( SDG 12); This aims to focus on promoting resource efficiency, reducing waste and pollution, and increasing the use of renewable resources with aims to ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern.
Climate Action ( SDG 13): This aims to focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting climate resilience technology to take urgent action to combat climate change.
Life below water ( SDG 14): This goal aims to conserve and sustain the use of oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.
Life on Land ( SDG 15): This goal aims to protect and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, focusing on biodiversity conservation and sustainable land use.
Peace Justice and Strong Institutions ( SDG 16); This goal aims to promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.
The partnership of the Goals ( SDG 17); This goal focuses on implementing and revitalizing the global partnership for sustainable development. It aims to bring together government, civil society, the private sector, and other stakeholders for sustainable development goals.
For monitoring the progress of these sustainable goals in member countries of the United Nations, there is Voluntary National Review (VNR), in which member states submit target programs to the United Nations high-level political forum. In India, NITI Aayog is the nodal agency for monitoring the status and implementation of goals.
As of now ( MAY-2023), NITI Aayog has presented two times Voluntary National Review ( VNR) to the UN high-level political forum.
Bhopal is the first city in India, that come forwarded for voluntary local review.
In conclusion, these are the above 17 sustainable goals that were initiated and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly to cooperate with all the institutions within the country and from abroad to make an inclusive, equitable, and sustainable society.
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