Question.
Discuss the growth of major industries in Uttar Pradesh and also highlights its various challenges.
( UPPSC, UP PCS Mains General Studies-III/GS-3 2021)
Answer.
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India and the fourth largest state in India after Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
In terms of GDP, Uttar Pradesh comes third in India after Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The state aspires to become a 1 trillion dollar economy by 2030.
Uttar Pradesh plays an important role in India’s economy and also in politics. The following are some important industries in Uttar Pradesh and its various challenges-
Agro Processing Industry;
Uttar Pradesh is primarily an agricultural state with the largest portion of lands being fertile. The largest portion of the state workforce is employed in the agriculture sector. Uttar Pradesh comes first in India in terms of production of cereal grains.
As far as the food processing industries of Uttar Pradesh are concerned, the state is second in terms of production of sugar after Maharashtra. The state is the largest exporter of meat.
Challenges in the agro-processing industries include a lack of infrastructure which includes cold storage, and an inefficient supply chain network.
Textiles and leather Industry;
Kanpur, Varanasi, and Agra are known for textile products while Agra and Kanpur are well known for the leather industry. Handloom and power loom sectors are prominent, producing a wide range of fabrics, sarees, garments, and handicrafts.
Challenges in the textile sector include outdated machinery, low productivity, lack of skilled labor, and competition from other states.
Information Technology ( IT);
Noida, Greater Noida, and Lucknow are emerging as information technology hubs of the state. However, information technology industries faced limited skilled IT professionals, and there is steep competition from other established IT hubs like Bangalore.
The pharmaceutical industry;
Lucknow, Kanpur, and Ghaziabad are known for pharmaceutical industries. Challenges include a lack of research and development and limited availability of raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry.
Tourism;
Uttar Pradesh is well-known for several popular tourist cities like Agra, Prayagraj, Mathura, Vrindavan, Ayodhya, Varanasi, and Chitrakoot. Challenges include inadequate infrastructure, sanitation issues, and security issues in the sector.
Heavy industry, cement industries, and automobile;
Sonbhadra district is known for its HINDALCO Alumina plant, powerhouse, and cement industries. There are many automobile industries located in western Uttar Pradesh. Challenges include a lack of funds and a favorable business environment.
Overall, Uttar Pradesh has witnessed growth in many sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors. However, there are various challenges in these sectors, which can be solved by promoting infrastructure, bringing investment, and making a business-friendly environment.
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