Question.
Analyse “Money Laundering” and “Human Trafficking” as non-traditional security challenges.
( UPPSC, UP PCS Mains General Studies-III/GS-3 2020)
Answer.
Traditional security concerns are more focused on military threats and territorial disputes while non-traditional security challenges like money laundering and human trafficking are generally neglected as compared to traditional security threats. However non-traditional threats pose many threats including border insecurity, internal disturbance, and negatively affecting the well-being of individuals and communities.
Money laundering and human trafficking are both significant non-traditional security challenges that pose serious threats to societies and global stability.
Money laundering;
Money laundering is the process of obtaining money illegally, typically derived from criminal activities and making it appear legitimate.
Money laundering has many consequences like destabilizing economies, terrorism financing, enabling organized crime, and weakening governance and institution.
Economic imbalance; Money laundering can distort economic indicators, facilitate corruption, and disrupt market mechanisms, leading to economic imbalances.
Financing terrorism; Money laundering may provide the financial sources for terrorist organizations for attacks which help them to recruit members, and sustain their operations. It also allows criminal organizations to profit from illegal activities such as human trafficking, arms smuggling, and cybercrime.
Weakening governance and Institution; Money laundering encourages corruption and erodes trust in institutions, and weakens governance structure.
Human Trafficking:
Human trafficking involves the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of individuals through force and fraud for the purpose of exploitation. It is a grave violation of human rights. It has several implications, some include-
Exploitation and slavery; Victims of human trafficking are exposed to various types of exploitation, which include sexual exploitation, forced labor, organ trafficking, and child exploitation. This leads to immense suffering and also reduces human dignity.
Foster social inequality and social unrest; Human trafficking disrupts social fabric and increases inequality, and marginalization in society. The main victims of human trafficking are migrants, refugees, poor populations, etc.
Public health concerns; Human trafficking can contribute to unsanitary and inhumane living conditions, making them more skeptical of physical and mental health issues.
In conclusion, Money laundering and Human trafficking are two interrelated crimes, and they pose non-conventional security challenges. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach to international cooperation, strong enforcement mechanisms, strict rules and regulations, public awareness, and strong intelligence agencies for monitoring and intelligence sharing.
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