1. Which of the following mammals lays eggs? ( UPPSC PYQ 2022)
a) Kangaroo
b) Loris
c) Echidna
d) Hedgehog
Answer. c) Echidna lays eggs;
Kangaroo:
Kangaroos are marsupials native to Australia.
They are known for their powerful hind legs, long tails, and distinctive hopping locomotion.
Kangaroos are herbivores and are known for their pouches which they carry and nurse their young, called joeys.
Loris:
Lorises are small primates found in parts of Asia and Africa.
They are known for their slow and deliberate movements and large, round eyes.
Lorises are primarily nocturnal and feed on insects, fruit, and tree sap.
Echidna:
Echidnas are egg-laying mammals, also known as monotremes.
They are native to Australia and New Guinea.
Echidnas have spines on their backs, similar to hedgehogs, and a long tongue they use to catch insects.
Hedgehog:
Hedgehogs are small mammals found in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
They are covered in spines, which provide protection against predators.
Hedgehogs are omnivorous, eating a diet that includes insects, small vertebrates, and plant matter.
2. Which of the following animals emits solid urine? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Kangaroo rat
b) Giraffe
c) Squirrel
d) Crow
Answer. a) Kangaroo rat;
Kangaroos have a unique way of excreting waste in the form of solid urine, also known as "dry pellets" or "hypercarnivorous feces." This adaptation helps them conserve water in their arid Australian habitats.
The Kangaroo Rat is a small, desert-dwelling rodent found in North America, primarily in arid and semiarid regions.
3. Which of the following statements about bacteria is correct? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) They are on the borderline between living and nonliving
b) They are on the borderline between plants and animals
c) They are on the borderline of flowering and nonflowering plants
d) None of these
Answer. d) None of these;
Bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that play essential roles in various ecosystems and have significant impacts on human health, industry, and the environment.
Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. They work by targeting specific aspects of bacterial biology, such as cell walls or protein synthesis while leaving human cells unaffected.
Viruses are often cited as entities that straddle the boundary between living and non-living. They consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat, and they can replicate only when inside a host cell. Outside of a host cell, viruses are inert and do not exhibit the typical characteristics of life, such as metabolism.
4. Which of the following does not have a sex chromosome? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Monkey
b) Tiger
c) Butterfly
d) Lizard
Answer. d) Lizard
5. Which hormone is injected into cows and buffaloes to make the milk descend to the udders? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Somatotropin
b) Oxytocin
c) Interferon
d) Insulin
Answer. b) Oxytocin hormones are used to increase the milk of cows and buffaloes. It is also used to increase the size of vegetables.
Somatotropin (Growth Hormone):
Somatotropin, also known as growth hormone (GH), is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
Its primary function is to stimulate growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals.
Growth Hormone plays a crucial role in regulating growth during childhood and adolescence.
In adults, it helps maintain healthy body composition and metabolism.
Oxytocin:
Oxytocin is a hormone and neuropeptide produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland.
It is often referred to as the "love hormone" or "bonding hormone" because it plays a role in social bonding, maternal behavior, and pair bonding.
During labor and breastfeeding, oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions and milk ejection, respectively.
It also has effects on social and emotional behaviors, including trust and empathy.
Interferon:
Interferons are proteins that are part of the immune system's response to viral infections and other pathogens.
They are produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of viruses, bacteria, or other foreign invaders.
Interferons have antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects, helping to limit the spread of infections and activate immune responses.
Insulin:
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas.
Its primary role is to regulate blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen.
Insufficient insulin production or impaired response to insulin leads to diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.
It also has effects on fat metabolism and protein synthesis in the body.
6. Which of the following diseases of dairy cattle are communicable? ( UPPSC PYQ)
1. Foot and mouth disease
2. Anthrax
3. Black Quarter
4. Cowpox
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
a) 1,2, and 3
b) 2,3, and 4
c) 1 and 4
d) 1,2,3, and 4
Answer. d) 1,2,3, and 4;
These are diseases that can affect livestock and sometimes even humans. Here's some information about each of them:
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD):
Foot and Mouth Disease is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats.
It is caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).
Foot and Mouth Disease is characterized by fever, and blister-like sores on the mouth, tongue, and hooves of affected animals, and it can lead to reduced milk and meat production.
The disease can have severe economic consequences for the livestock industry due to trade restrictions.
Anthrax:
Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis.
It can affect livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as humans.
Anthrax can manifest as cutaneous (skin), inhalation, or gastrointestinal forms in humans.
In livestock, it often results in sudden death and is characterized by bloody discharges from body openings.
Black Quarter (Blackleg):
Black Quarter, also known as Blackleg, is a bacterial disease that primarily affects cattle, sheep, and occasionally other livestock.
It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium chauvoei.
Black Quarter leads to severe swelling, gas accumulation, and muscle necrosis at the site of infection.
Vaccination is an effective preventive measure.
Cowpox:
Cowpox is a viral disease that affects cattle, but it can also infect humans.
The virus responsible for cowpox is closely related to the vaccinia virus used in smallpox vaccination.
In humans, cowpox typically results in a mild illness with localized lesions, and it played a historical role in the development of smallpox vaccination.
7. Which of the following is not correctly matched? ( UPPSC PYQ)
( Animal) ( Breed)
a) Cow: Deoni
b) Goat: Barbari
c) Buffalo: Bhadawari
d) Sheep: Gir
Answer. d) Sheep: Gir; Gir is the breed of Cow.
8. Which among the following was the first successfully cloned animal? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Dog
b) Rabbit
c) Gibbon
d) Sheep
Answer. d) Sheep ( dolly);
The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named "Dolly." Dolly was born on July 5, 1996, at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. She was cloned from an adult somatic cell using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Dolly's birth was a groundbreaking scientific achievement because she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell.
Dolly's successful cloning marked a significant milestone in the field of genetics and biotechnology, as it demonstrated that it was possible to clone mammals using a cell nucleus from an adult animal. This opened the door to further research and advancements in cloning technology and had implications for both scientific and ethical discussions surrounding cloning.
9. Which one of the following is NOT an insect? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Spider
b) Butterfly
c) Cockroach
d) Mosquito
Answer. a) A spider is NOT an insect.
Spiders belong to a different class of arthropods called Arachnida, while insects belong to the class Insecta. Spiders are characterized by having eight legs, while insects have six legs.
10. "Milk Fever" disease in cows and buffaloes is caused due to ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Protein deficiency
b) Calcium deficiency
c) Vitamins deficiency
d) None of the above
Answer. b) Calcium deficiency;
Milk fever, also known as "parturient paresis" or "hypocalcemia," is a metabolic disorder that affects cows and, less commonly, buffaloes during or shortly after calving (giving birth). It is caused by a deficiency of calcium in the bloodstream.
During late pregnancy and early lactation, cows and buffaloes have an increased demand for calcium due to milk production. If they cannot mobilize enough calcium from their diet or their own calcium reserves, it can lead to milk fever. The exact cause can vary, but it's often related to a sudden drop in blood calcium levels during this critical period.
Milk fever can result in symptoms like muscle weakness, loss of appetite, difficulty standing, and, in severe cases, recumbency (inability to stand). It is a significant concern in dairy cattle management and requires prompt treatment with calcium supplementation to prevent further complications or death.
11. Galleria mellonella is an insect pest of - ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Silk Worm
b) lac insect
c) Honey bee
d) Cotton crop
Answer. c) Honey bee;
12. The study of aging known as ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Gerontology
b) Ethnology
c) Anthropology
d) Thanatology
Answer. a) Gerontology
Gerontology:
Gerontology is the scientific study of the aging process, including the physical, psychological, and social aspects of growing older.
Gerontologists research and analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with aging, as well as the impact of an aging population on society.
This field encompasses a wide range of topics, including healthcare for older adults, social services, the psychology of aging, and the development of policies and programs for seniors.
Ethnology:
Ethnology is a branch of anthropology that focuses on the comparative and analytical study of different cultures, societies, and ethnic groups.
Ethnologists examine the cultural practices, beliefs, customs, and social structures of various communities to understand their similarities, differences, and evolution over time.
This field involves fieldwork, participant observation, and ethnographic research to gain insights into the diversity of human cultures.
Thanatology:
Thanatology is the interdisciplinary study of death, dying, and the associated psychological, social, and philosophical aspects.
Thanatologists explore topics such as grief, bereavement, end-of-life care, funeral practices, and the cultural and ethical considerations surrounding death.
This field is concerned with understanding the physical, emotional, and societal responses to mortality and the ways in which individuals and societies cope with the concept of death.
The study of Cells is known as Cytology.
The study of Blood is known as Hematology.
The study of Tissue is known as Histology.
The study of Ants is known as Mirmicology.
13. The study of bones is under which branch of science?
a) Osteology
b) Orology
c) Serology
d) Geology
Answer. a) Osteology;
Osteology:
Osteology is the scientific study of bones. It involves the examination of the structure, development, function, and classification of bones.
Osteologists may study the skeletal systems of humans and various animal species, providing insights into anatomy, evolution, and forensic science.
Orology:
Orology is not a widely recognized scientific discipline. It may refer to the study of mountains, particularly their formation, structure, and geological characteristics.
Alternatively, it could be a term used regionally or in specific contexts to describe the study of mountains or mountain ranges.
Serology:
Serology is the study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. It is often associated with the detection of antibodies and antigens in the blood, which is crucial in fields like immunology and clinical diagnostics.
Serologists play a vital role in identifying and diagnosing diseases, conducting blood typing, and determining immune responses.
Geology:
Geology is the scientific study of the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history. It encompasses various subfields, including mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and seismology.
Geologists investigate the Earth's rocks, minerals, fossils, landforms, and geological history to understand processes like plate tectonics, erosion, and the formation of landscapes.
14. Which of the following species is the largest of the toothed whales?
a) Finback Whale
b) Blue Whale
c) Sperm Whale
d) Humpback Whale
Answer. c) Sperm Whale;
Finback Whale (Balaenoptera physalus):
The finback whale, also known as the fin whale, is the second-largest animal on Earth, following the blue whale.
It has a sleek, streamlined body with a V-shaped head, and it is known for its long, slender body and prominent dorsal fin.
Finback whales are found in oceans worldwide and are known for their fast swimming capabilities.
Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus):
The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth and one of the most massive animals to have ever existed.
It has a distinctive bluish-gray coloration and a relatively small dorsal fin.
Blue whales are filter feeders, primarily consuming krill, and can be found in oceans around the globe.
Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus):
The sperm whale is the largest toothed whale and is known for its massive head and jaw structure.
It has a dark gray or brownish coloration and a single blowhole.
Sperm whales are deep divers and are known for their ability to hunt squid at great depths.
Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae):
Humpback whales are known for their distinctive humpbacked appearance, with long pectoral fins and knobby heads.
They are known for their acrobatic behaviors, such as breaching and tail slapping.
Humpback whales are found in oceans worldwide and are known for their complex songs, which vary among different populations.
15. Amongst the following flying organisms, which one does not belong to the Group, Aves?
a) Bat
b) Crow
c) Eagle
d) Parrot
Answer. a) Bat;
The term "Aves" refers to the biological class that includes all birds. Birds are a diverse group of warm-blooded, feathered animals characterized by their beaks, wings, and the ability to lay hard-shelled eggs. Aves is one of the major classes within the phylum Chordata, which encompasses animals with a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits at some point in their life cycle.
Some key characteristics of birds (Aves) include:
Feathers: Birds are the only animals with feathers, which serve various functions, including insulation, camouflage, and flight.
Beaks: Instead of teeth, birds have beaks or bills adapted to their specific diets, such as insectivorous, herbivorous, or carnivorous.
Hollow Bones: Most birds have lightweight, hollow bones that reduce their overall body weight and aid in flight.
Endothermy: Birds are warm-blooded, meaning they can regulate their body temperature independently of their environment.
Oviparous: Birds lay eggs with hard shells, and they typically incubate these eggs to hatch their young.
Adaptations for Flight: While not all birds can fly, most have adaptations for powered flight, including strong breast muscles and specialized wing structures.
16. Nilgai or Blue Buck belongs to the following family
a) Cow
b) Goat
c) Sheep
d) Deer
Answer. d) Deer
17. In which of the following animal's hooves are not found?
a) Deer
b) Jackal
c) Zebra
d) Horse
Answer. b) Jackal
18. Octopus is
a) An arthropod
b) An echinoderm
c) A hemichordate
d) A Mollusca
Answer. d) A Mollusca;
Arthropoda (Arthropods):
Arthropods are the largest and most diverse animal phylum, comprising animals like insects, spiders, crustaceans, and millipedes.
They are characterized by their segmented bodies, exoskeletons made of chitin, jointed appendages, and a high level of cephalization (development of a head region).
Arthropods are found in various terrestrial, aquatic, and marine environments.
Echinodermata (Echinoderms):
Echinoderms include animals such as sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars.
They are characterized by radial symmetry, a water vascular system used for locomotion and feeding, and spiny skin.
Echinoderms are primarily marine animals and play important roles in marine ecosystems.
Hemichordata (Hemichordates):
Hemichordates are a group of marine animals that includes acorn worms and pterobranchs.
They are characterized by pharyngeal gill slits, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and a structure called the proboscis.
Hemichordates are considered part of the Deuterostomia clade, which they share with echinoderms and chordates.
Mollusca (Mollusks):
Mollusks are a diverse phylum that includes animals like snails, clams, octopuses, and squid.
They are characterized by a soft body, often protected by a hard shell (though not all mollusks have shells), and a muscular foot used for locomotion.
Mollusks inhabit various aquatic and terrestrial environments and have a wide range of feeding strategies.
19. The largest Invertebrate is
a) Octopus
b) Squid
c) Coral
d) Jellyfish
Answer. b) Squid;
Octopus
Octopuses are cephalopods, belonging to the class Cephalopoda.
They are known for their highly developed nervous systems, complex behaviors, and intelligence among invertebrates.
Octopuses have soft bodies, a head with a beak, and tentacles with suction cups.
They are carnivorous predators and are well-known for their ability to change color and camouflage.
Squid:
Squids are also cephalopods, closely related to octopuses.
They have elongated bodies, a distinct head, and a set of long, muscular tentacles.
Squids are known for their speed and agility in the water, often using jet propulsion for movement.
They are an important part of marine ecosystems and are a food source for various predators, including whales and large fish.
Coral:
Corals are marine invertebrates belonging to the class Anthozoa within the phylum Cnidaria.
They are sessile (non-moving) animals that form calcium carbonate exoskeletons, collectively building coral reefs over time.
Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat and shelter for numerous marine species.
Jellyfish:
Jellyfish belong to the phylum Cnidaria and are known for their gelatinous, umbrella-shaped bodies.
They typically have long, trailing tentacles armed with specialized cells called cnidocytes, which release venom to capture prey.
Jellyfish can be found in oceans worldwide and vary in size from tiny species to large, potentially dangerous ones.
20. Which of the following is not a pest?
a) Bedbugs
b) Spider
c) Domestic fly
d) Mosquito
Answer. b) Spider
21. Consider the following statements about mosquitoes
1. Only males suck blood
2. Only females suck blood
3. Females suck plant juices
4. Males have bigger wings than females
5. Females have bigger wings than males
these
a) Only 2 and 4 are correct
b) Only 1 and 2 are correct
c) Only 3 and 5 are correct
d) Only 2 and 5 are correct
Answer. d) Only 2 and 5 are correct;
Male and female mosquitoes are distinct in terms of their biology, behavior, and roles within a mosquito population. Here's an overview of the differences between male and female mosquitoes:
Female Mosquitoes:
Feeding Habits: Female mosquitoes are typically the ones responsible for biting humans and other animals. They require a blood meal to develop and nourish their eggs.
Mouthparts: Female mosquitoes have specialized mouthparts called proboscises, which they use to pierce the skin and feed on blood.
Reproduction: After taking a blood meal, female mosquitoes lay eggs in or near standing water. The larvae that hatch from these eggs are aquatic and develop into adult mosquitoes.
Lifespan: Female mosquitoes can live for several weeks to several months, depending on factors like species and environmental conditions.
Disease Transmission: Female mosquitoes can transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus when they feed on infected hosts and subsequently bite uninfected individuals.
Male Mosquitoes:
Feeding Habits: Male mosquitoes primarily feed on nectar and other sugary substances. They do not feed on blood.
Mouthparts: Male mosquitoes have mouthparts similar to those of females but lack the adaptations for piercing skin.
Lifespan: Male mosquitoes generally have shorter lifespans compared to females, often living for just a few weeks.
Disease Transmission: Male mosquitoes do not transmit diseases like their female counterparts. They are solely involved in reproduction.
22. Which of the following animals can live for the longest period without drinking water?
a) Giraffe
b) Camel
c) Kangaroo
d) Kangaroo rat
Answer. d) Kangaroo rat
23. Snakes have poisonous fangs, which are modified forms of :
a) Mandibular teeth
b) Palatine Teeth
c) Canine Teeth
d) Maxillary Teeth
Answer. d) Maxillary Teeth
24. Which of the following is not derived from insects?
a) Silk
b) Honey
c) Lac
d) Pearl
Answer. d) Pearl
25. Assertion ( A): Some bacteria can synthesize their food
Reason ( R): In these bacteria green substance called green Levin is found
a) (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
a) (A) and (R) are both correct, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer. c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
26. What is the connecting link between reptiles and Birds?
a) Archaeopteryx
b) Euglena ( Protozoa)
c) Virus
d) Bacteria
Answer. a) Archaeopteryx;
Archaeopteryx is a prehistoric bird-like dinosaur that is often considered a transitional fossil, linking dinosaurs and modern birds.
27. What is the connecting link between Plants and animals?
a) Archaeopteryx
b) Euglena ( Protozoa)
c) Virus
d) Bacteria
Answer. b) Euglena ( Protozoa) ;
Euglena is a genus of single-celled, microscopic protists that belong to the phylum Euglenozoa. Euglenas are fascinating microorganisms that exhibit characteristics of both plants and animals.
28. What is the connecting link between Living and Nonliving?
a) Archaeopteryx
b) Euglena ( Protozoa)
c) Virus
d) Bacteria
Answer. c) Virus
29. Fishes survive under the frozen lake, because
a) Fishes have hot blood
b) Fishes are in hibernation under it
c) Water does not freeze near the bottom
d) Ice is the conductor of heat
Answer. c) Water does not freeze near the bottom
30. --- are devoid of bronchus, excretory, and circulatory organs.
a) Sponge
b) Tapeworm
c) Liver Fluke
d) None of these
Answer. a) Sponge
31. --- is probably the largest group of animals.
a) Arthropoda
b) Mollusca
c) Cnidaria
d) Nematoda
Answer. a) Arthropoda
32. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Phylum Cnidaria?
a) Radial symmetry
b) Tentacles with stinging cells called cnidocytes
c) Presence of a true coelom
d) Presence of a gastrovascular cavity
Answer. d) Presence of a gastrovascular cavity
33. Which of the following has a two-chambered heart?
a) Human being
b) Crocodile
c) Monkey
d) Fishes
Answer. d) Fishes
34. Who is the father of Biology?
a) Aristotle
b) Jagadish Chandra Bose
c) Theophrastus
d) William Roxburgh
Answer. a) Aristotle
35. Who is the father of Zoology?
a) Aristotle
b) Jagadish Chandra Bose
c) Theophrastus
d) William Roxburgh
Answer. a) Aristotle is known as the father of biology and Zoology. He wrote a famous book named " Historia Animalium", it is the description of about 500 animals.
36. Who is the father of Biology in India?
a) Aristotle
b) Jagadish Chandra Bose
c) Theophrastus
d) William Roxburgh
Answer. b) Jagadish Chandra Bose
37. Who wrote the book “Philosophic zoologique”?
a) Darwin
b) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
c) Theophrastus
d) William Roxburgh
Answer. b) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
38. Who wrote the book “Origin of species ( Natural Selection Theory)”?
a) Darwin
b) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
c) Theophrastus
d) William Roxburgh
Answer. a) Darwin
39. Match the following
List I ( Study of)
A. Fungi
B. Algae
C. Snakes
D. Egg
List II ( Branch of Biology)
1. Oology
2. Ophiology
3. Phycology
4. Mycology
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 2 1 3 4
d) 4 3 2 1
Answer. d) 4 3 2 1
40. Match the following
List I ( Study of)
A. Birds
B. Insects
C. Ants
D. Fish
List II ( Branch of Biology)
1. Ichthyology
2. Myrmecology
3. Entomology
4. Ornithology
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 2 1 3 4
d) 4 3 2 1
Answer. d) 4 3 2 1
41. Which of the following is NOT running birds?
a) Ostrich
b) Emus
c) Kiwi
d) Toucans
Answer. d) Toucans can fly.
Important birds that can't fly but run are ostrich ( Africa), emu ( South America), rhea (South America), kiwi ( Australia), and cassowary ( New Guinea).
42. Which of the following organisms follows the Cell Theory Principle?
a) Virus
b) Viroid
c) Prion
d) Animal
Answer. d) Animal
Virus, Viroid, and Prion organisms follow the principle of cell theory.
43.
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