1. Solar energy is converted into electric energy through ( UPPSC PYQ 2022)
a) Photo voltaic cells
b) Leclanche cells
c) Voltaic Cells
d) Dry Cells
Answer. a) Photo voltaic cells;
Photovoltaic cells are semiconductor devices that convert sunlight into electricity. Leclanché cells are a type of voltaic cell, which is an early type of electrochemical cell used to generate electricity. Dry cells are a common type of voltaic cell used in batteries, such as alkaline batteries, which are portable sources of electrical energy.
2. Compressed Natural Gas ( CNG) is mainly composed of ( UPPSC PYQ 2022)
a) Butane
b) Propane
c) Ethane
d) Methane
Answer. d) Methane;
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a type of alternative fuel that is primarily composed of methane gas (CH4). It is obtained by compressing natural gas to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. CNG is commonly used as a clean-burning and more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline and diesel fuels.
3. Natural Gas is mainly composed of ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Butane
b) Propane
c) Ethane
d) Methane
Answer. d) Methane;
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture primarily composed of methane (CH4). It is a non-renewable fossil fuel that is often used for heating, electricity generation, industrial processes, and as a fuel for vehicles when converted into CNG.
4. Which among the following compounds is the main constituent of natural gas? ( UPPSC PYQ)
a) Methane
b) Hexane
c) Benzene
d) Butane
Answer. a) Methane
5. Which one of the following is the main constituent of LPG? ( UPPSC PYQ 2021)
a) Hexane
b) Pentane
c) Butane
d) Methane
Answer. c) Butane is the main constituent of LPG ( Liquid Petroleum Gas). Propane and Butane are the main constituents of LPG ( Liquid Petroleum Gas).
Liquefied Petroleum Gas: LPG is a flammable hydrocarbon gas mixture, primarily composed of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). It is often used for heating, cooking, and as a fuel for vehicles in some regions. LPG is also a non-renewable fossil fuel.
6. The smell that we get when an LPG cylinder leaks is due to the
a) Methane
b) Butane
c) Propane
d) Ethyl mercaptan
Answer. d) Ethyl mercaptan makes LPG a strong odor of rotten cabbage.
7. A non-renewable source of energy is ( UPPSC PYQ 2021)
a) Solar energy
b) Petroleum
c) Wind energy
d) Biogas
Answer. b) Petroleum is a non-renewable source of energy.
Non-renewable energy sources are those that are finite and cannot be easily replaced within a human timescale. They include fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, and oil, as well as nuclear energy. These sources release greenhouse gases and contribute to environmental issues.
Renewable energy sources are those that are naturally replenished and are considered sustainable over the long term. They include solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, and biomass. These sources generate electricity with minimal or no direct emissions of greenhouse gases and are considered more environmentally friendly.
8. The energy of the sun is produced by
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Oxidation
c) Gravitation
d) Nuclear fission
Answer. a) Nuclear fusion
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun's Core: The Sun is a massive ball of hot, glowing gas, primarily composed of hydrogen (about 74%) and helium (about 24%), with trace amounts of other elements. In the core of the Sun, where temperatures and pressures are incredibly high, nuclear fusion reactions take place.
9. "Solar Energy" is due to
a) Fusion reaction
b) Fission reaction
c) Chemical reaction
d) Combustion reaction
Answer. a) Fusion reaction
10. In wind power, which form of energy is converted into electrical energy?
a) Kinetic energy
b) Potential energy
c) Solar Energy
d) Radiant Energy
Answer. a) Kinetic energy
11. Match List I with List II and choose the correct answer from the code given below-
List I List II
( Energy Conversion) ( Device / Mechanism)
A. Heat to Electric 1. Car Breaking
B. Electric to Sound 2. Nuclear Reactor
C. Mass to heat 3. Loudspeaker
D. Chemical to heat and light 4. Solar Cell
5. Fuel Combustion
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 4 3 2 5
c) 2 1 3 5
d) 3 1 2 4
Answer. b) 4 3 2 5
12. Which one of the following is used as an antifreeze for automobile engines?
a) Ethanol
b) Ethylene glycol
c) Methanol
d) Propyl Alcohol
Answer. b) Ethylene glycol;
13. To avoid "Knocking" in the engine of a car, which one of the following is used as an anti-knocking agent?
a) Ethyl alcohol
b) Butane
c) Lead Tetraethyl
d) White Petrol
Answer. c) Lead Tetraethyl;
The anti-knocking agent used in the engines of many cars is typically an additive mixed with gasoline known as an "octane booster" or "knock inhibitor." The purpose of these additives is to prevent a phenomenon called "knocking" or "pinging" in the engine.
What is Engine Knocking: Engine knocking occurs when the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the engine ignites prematurely or unevenly. This can result in a knocking sound and can be damaging to the engine over time.
14. Which of the following is a natural fuel?
a) Coal gas
b) Tar
c) Coke
d) Petroleum
Answer. d) Petroleum;
Natural fuels are substances found in nature that can be burned to release energy. They are often derived from organic materials. The following are some natural fuels:
Wood:
One of the earliest forms of fuel used by humans, wood is still used for heating and cooking in many parts of the world. It's a renewable resource and can be sustainable when harvested responsibly.
Coal:
Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. It has been used extensively for electricity generation, heating, and industrial processes.
Natural Gas:
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture primarily composed of methane. It's used for heating, electricity generation, and as a fuel for vehicles. It's considered a cleaner-burning fossil fuel compared to coal and oil.
Crude Oil:
Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is a fossil fuel composed of hydrocarbons. It's refined to produce various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as non-fuel products like plastics.
Peat:
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed organic matter found in wetlands. It can be dried and used as a fuel, but it's less efficient and less commonly used than other fuels.
Methane Hydrates:
Methane hydrates are ice-like compounds that contain methane gas. They are found in deep-sea sediments and polar regions. Methane hydrates have the potential to be a future source of natural gas.
Biofuels:
Biofuels are derived from renewable organic materials, such as crops (e.g., corn ethanol and sugarcane ethanol) and waste products (e.g., biodiesel from recycled cooking oil). They are considered natural fuels because they come from organic sources.
Hydrogen:
While hydrogen itself is not found in nature in large quantities, it can be produced from natural gas or water through processes like steam methane reforming or electrolysis. It's considered a clean fuel when produced using renewable energy sources.
Animal Dung:
In some regions, dried animal dung, such as cow dung, is used as a fuel for cooking and heating.
Geothermal Energy:
Geothermal energy harnesses heat from within the Earth. It's a natural source of renewable energy used for heating and electricity generation.
15. Which of the following fossil fuels is the cleanest fuel?
a) Coal
b) Petrol
c) Natural Gas
d) Diesel
Answer. c) Natural Gas
16. Which of the following is fossil fuel?
a) Alcohol
b) Ether
c) Water Gas
d) Natural Gas
Answer. d) Natural Gas;
Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon-based energy resources that are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Over geological time, the organic matter from these ancient organisms underwent chemical transformation and compression, eventually becoming the fossil fuels we use today. The three primary types of fossil fuels are:
Coal:
Coal is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon, along with various other elements. It is one of the oldest and most abundant fossil fuels. Coal is primarily used for electricity generation, heating, and industrial processes.
Crude Oil (Petroleum):
Crude oil, commonly known as petroleum, is a liquid fossil fuel composed of hydrocarbons (carbon and hydrogen). It is the source of various petroleum products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and various chemicals. Crude oil is a critical energy source for transportation and many industrial processes.
Natural Gas:
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel primarily composed of methane (CH4). It is found alongside oil deposits and in underground reservoirs. Natural gas is used for heating, electricity generation, industrial processes, and as a fuel for vehicles and appliances.
Fossil fuels have been the dominant source of energy for much of the industrial era due to their energy density, ease of transport, and relatively low cost. However, they also have significant environmental drawbacks:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change.
Air Pollution: Fossil fuel combustion emits pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter, leading to air pollution and adverse health effects.
Resource Depletion: Fossil fuels are finite resources, and their extraction can have negative environmental impacts, such as habitat destruction and water pollution.
17. Tetraethyl Lead ( TEL) is added to petrol
a) To prevent it from freezing
b) To increase its flash point
c) To increase its anti-knocking rating
d) To increase its boiling point
Answer. c) To increase its anti-knocking rating;
Tetraethyl lead (TEL) was once used as an additive in gasoline (petrol) primarily for its anti-knock properties.
18. Diesel used in heavy vehicles for
a) Extra mileage and save engine
b) Low expense and save the fuel
c) High power and economic saving
d) Being cheaper than low petrol
Answer. c) High power and economic saving
19. Consider the following statements:
Statement ( A): Space-Based Solar Power ( SBSP) should, it is known, be made a national target.
Reason ( R): The supply of SBSP is 99 % non-stop in a year and the availability of energy is in abundance.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below-
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false
d) A is false, but R is true
Answer. a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Space-based solar power (SBSP) is a concept that involves capturing solar energy in space and transmitting it wirelessly to Earth for use as electricity. It's an ambitious and innovative idea that has been explored by scientists and engineers as a potential solution to some of the challenges associated with terrestrial solar power.
20. "Dynamo" is a device, which converts-
a) Chemical energy into electrical energy
b) Electrical energy into mechanical energy
c) Mechanical energy into electrical energy
d) Electrical energy into chemical energy
Answer. c) Mechanical energy into electrical energy;
Dynamo Device:
A dynamo is a device that generates electricity through electromagnetic induction.
It typically consists of a coil of wire (the armature) that rotates within a magnetic field, or it may involve a rotating magnet within a stationary coil.
As the coil or magnet rotates, it cuts across the magnetic field lines, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the wire according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
Dynamos were widely used in the past as generators for early electrical systems, such as in early electric lighting and small-scale power generation.
21. A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is
a) Dynamo
b) Transformer
c) Electrical motor
d) Inductor
Answer. c) Electrical motor;
Electric Motor:
An electric motor, on the other hand, is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
It typically consists of a coil of wire (the rotor) placed within a magnetic field created by magnets or electromagnets (the stator).
When electric current flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic field, and the interaction between this magnetic field and the stationary magnetic field causes the rotor to rotate.
Electric motors are used in a wide range of applications, from powering appliances and machinery to driving vehicles and industrial equipment.
22. The stars get their energy-
1. By nuclear fusion
2. By Gravitational contraction
3. By Chemical reaction
4. By nuclear fission
Select your answer from the code given below-
Code:
a) 1 and 2
b) 1,2, and 3
c) 1 and 4
d) 2 and 4
Answer. a) 1 and 2
23. The reason for the source of renewable energy in stars is
a) Decay of radioactive materials
b) Excess of oxygen which helps in burning and generates energy
c) Change of hydrogen to helium
d) Conversion of helium to hydrogen
Answer. c) Change of hydrogen to helium;
The source of renewable energy in stars, such as our Sun, is primarily nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is a process that occurs in extreme conditions at the core of stars and is responsible for the continuous generation of energy.
In these collisions, hydrogen nuclei (protons) fuse together to form helium nuclei. This process is known as nuclear fusion.
24. What is the source of electrical energy in an artificial satellite?
a) Solar cells
b) Mini Nuclear reactor
c) Dynamo
d) Thermopile
Answer. a) Solar cells;
The source of electrical energy in an artificial satellite typically comes from solar panels, also known as solar arrays or solar panels
25. Photovoltaic cells are
a) Solar cell
b) Thermal cell
c) Sulfur cell
d) Molar cell
Answer. a) Solar cell;
Solar Cell (Photovoltaic Cell):
A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, is an electronic device that converts sunlight (solar energy) directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect.
Solar cells are commonly used in solar panels to generate electricity for a wide range of applications, from residential and commercial solar power systems to spacecraft and remote power generation.
Thermal Cell:
The term "thermal cell" can refer to different technologies, but it's often associated with thermoelectric cells.
Thermoelectric cells generate electricity from the temperature difference between two surfaces. They are used in applications like thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery and powering remote sensors.
Sulfur Cell (Sulfur-Based Battery):
A sulfur cell or sulfur-based battery typically refers to a type of battery that uses sulfur as one of its key components, often in the form of sulfur-based cathodes.
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, for example, are a type of sulfur-based battery known for their high theoretical energy density, making them attractive for electric vehicles and other applications.
26. Which one of the following can not be used as a nuclear fuel?
a) Uranium
b) Thorium
c) Calcium
d) Plutonium
Answer. c) Calcium;
Nuclear fuel is a substance used in nuclear reactors to sustain a nuclear chain reaction, which releases energy in the form of heat. The most common nuclear fuels used in nuclear power plants are:
Uranium-235 (U-235):
Uranium-235 is a fissile isotope of uranium, which means it can undergo nuclear fission when bombarded with neutrons.
It is used as fuel in many nuclear reactors, including pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs).
Plutonium-239 (Pu-239):
Plutonium-239 is another fissile material and is often produced within nuclear reactors from uranium-238 (U-238) through neutron capture.
It can be used as fuel in some nuclear reactors, particularly fast breeder reactors, which can produce more fissile material than they consume.
Uranium-233 (U-233):
Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that can also be used as nuclear fuel.
It is typically produced by irradiating thorium-232 (Th-232) with neutrons.
While it's less common than U-235 and Pu-239, U-233 has been used in certain reactor designs.
27. Hydrocarbon Vision 2025 is related to
a) Petroleum Product Protection
b) Euro I and Euro II Vehicles
c) Green House Effect
d) None of the above
Answer. a) Petroleum Product Protection
28. Automatic Wristwatches get energy from
a) Manual binding
b) Battery
c) Liquid crystal
d) Different movements of our hand
Answer. d) Different movements of our hand;
Automatic wristwatches, also known as self-winding watches, get their energy from the motion of the wearer's arm and wrist.
Inside an automatic watch, there is a small semicircular weight called a rotor. The rotor is mounted on a pivot and is free to move. It is typically connected to the movement's mainspring through a series of gears.
29. The photovoltaic effect was first discovered by
a) Einstein
b) C V Raman
c) Newton
d) Edmund Becquerel
Answer. d) Edmund Becquerel;
The photovoltaic effect is the process by which certain materials, such as semiconductors, generate an electric current when exposed to light. It is the underlying principle behind solar cells (photovoltaic cells).
30. Who discovered the law of photoelectric effect?
a) Einstein
b) C V Raman
c) Newton
d) Edmund Becquerel
Answer. a) Einstein;
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material when it is exposed to light (typically in the form of photons). It occurs in metals and other materials with low work functions.
31. " Soleckshaw" is a
a) Computer Program
b) Moon Buggy
c) Soft Sole of a footwear
d) Solar Rickshaw
Answer. d) Solar Rickshaw
32. The fuel used in a diesel engine
a) Vapour of diesel and air
b) Diesel only
c) Mixture of Diesel and Petrol
d) Mixture of Diesel, air, and Petrol
Answer. a) Vapour of diesel and air
33. Which one of the following gases, released from the biogas plant is used as fuel gas?
a) Butane
b) Propane
c) Methane
d) Ethane
Answer. c) Methane;
A biogas plant, often referred to as a "gobar gas plant" in some regions, is a facility designed to produce biogas from organic materials, primarily animal manure and agricultural waste. Biogas is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy that can be used for cooking, heating, electricity generation, and as a replacement for other fossil fuels.
34. The main component of Gobar Gas is
a) Methane
b) Ethane
c) Propane
d) Chloride
Answer. a) Methane;
The Gobar gas plant provides several advantages, including the generation of renewable energy, the reduction of organic waste, and the production of valuable fertilizer. It is particularly valuable in rural areas where livestock farming is common, as it allows for the sustainable use of animal manure and agricultural residues while providing a clean source of energy for households.
35. Which of the following is the main part of natural gas?
a) Ethane
b) Butane
c) carbon mono oxide
d) Methane
Answer. d) Methane
36. The main components of Liquid Petroleum Gas ( LPG) are
a) Methane, Ethane, Hexane
b) Methane, Pentane, and Hexane
c) Ethane, Propane, and Butane
d) Methane, carbon Monoxide, and Hydrogen
Answer. c) Ethane, Propane, and Butane
37. LPG is used as domestic fuel and mainly contains
a) Methane
b) Acetylene
c) Ethylene
d) Butane
Answer. d) Butane
38. CNG is
a) Compressed Natural Gas
b) Cyanogen Natural Gas
c) Condensed Nitrogen Gas
d) Controlled Natural Gas
Answer. a) Compressed Natural Gas
39. Gasohol is a mixture of
a) Of gasoline and methanol
b) Of gasoline and ethanol
c) Of Gasoline and Propanol
d) Of methanol and ethanol
Answer. b) Of gasoline and ethanol;
Gasohol, also known as "gasoline-ethanol blend," is a type of fuel that combines gasoline with ethanol, an alcohol derived from renewable sources like corn, sugarcane, or other agricultural feedstocks. Gasohol is primarily used as an alternative to pure gasoline and is intended to reduce the environmental impact of conventional gasoline while promoting the use of renewable resources
40. Consider the following statements
1. Coal, petroleum, and Natural gas are fossil fuels
2. Gasohol is a mixture of Benzene and Alcohol
3. Geothermal energy is an unconventional energy source
4. Dung gas mainly consists of methane
In these statements
a) only 1 and 2 are correct
b) Only 2 and 3 are correct
c) 1,2, and 3 are correct
d) 1, 3, and 4 are correct
Answer. d) 1, 3, and 4 are correct
41. Charcoal which is used in decoloring raw sugar is
a) Wood Charcoal
b) Sugar Charcoal
c) Animal Charcoal
d) Coconut Charcoal
Answer. c) Animal Charcoal;
Wood Charcoal:
Wood charcoal is one of the most common and widely used forms of charcoal.
It is produced by heating wood, such as hardwood or softwood, in a controlled environment with limited oxygen, a process known as pyrolysis.
Wood charcoal is used for a wide range of applications, including grilling and barbecuing, as a fuel in industry, for art and drawing (charcoal pencils), and historically as a fuel source for heating and cooking.
Sugar Charcoal:
Sugar charcoal, also known as activated carbon, is a type of charcoal that is derived from sugar sources like sugar cane or sugar beet.
It is typically produced by heating sugar at high temperatures and then activating it with oxidizing gases to create a porous structure.
Sugar charcoal is widely used for its adsorption properties, making it valuable in water purification, air filtration, and various industrial processes, including the food and beverage industry.
Animal Charcoal:
Animal charcoal is produced from animal bones or other animal byproducts.
It is created by heating the bones or organic materials to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, similar to wood charcoal production.
Historically, animal charcoal was used for various purposes, including decolorizing sugar and refining oils. Today, its use is limited, primarily due to concerns about animal byproducts.
Coconut Charcoal:
Coconut charcoal is made from the shells of coconuts.
The coconut shells are heated in a controlled environment to produce charcoal.
Coconut charcoal is known for its high carbon content and the absence of impurities, making it a popular choice for various applications. It is often used in water filtration systems, air purifiers, and hookah (shisha) smoking.
42. Non-conventional energy sources are those energy sources, that are ( UPPSC 2023)
a) Produced from heat
b) Produced from electricity
c) Non-renewable
d) Renewable
Answer. d) Renewable
43.
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