Question.
How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
(UPSC 2023 General Studies Paper 1 (Main) Exam, Answer in 150 words)
Answer.
Fjords are long, narrow, and U-shaped deep glacial valleys, filled with seawater, which are sided by cliffs or mountains. They are mainly found in high-latitude regions, mainly in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Chile, and Oceania countries.
Fzords are one kind of natural landforms that are formed as the result of a combination of glacial, geological, and oceanic processes.
Formation of Fjords:
Fjords are formed in the following ways.
- Glacial Erosion
- Glacial Retreat
- Sea-level changes
Glacial Erosion:
During the Glaciation period, the formation of U-shaped valleys happened in high-latitude regions. They were formed by the erosional process of Glaciers.
Glacial Retreat:
During the Glacial Retreat, the glaciers melted, which left behind a glacially carved U-shaped valley.
Sea-level rise:
During the post-glacial period, seawater filled the valley, creating a narrow, deep inlet of sea valley, which we know as Fjords.
Fjords constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world due to scenic landscapes, high cliffs, and clear and deep waters, making them popular destinations for tourists.
Fjords constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world because of the following reasons:
Rich Biodiversity:
Fjords support diverse ecosystems due to a combination of freshwater (from glacial runoff) and marine water ( tidal water). The nutrient-rich waters make Fjord habitats for various marine species.
Scenic Beauty( Steep Cliffs, Tidal water, and Glacial Features):
Fjords are known for cliffs, high mountains, and clean glacial water, which creates a visually stunning environment.
Tidal water movement in the Fjords attracts tourists and it also introduces new sediments which support diverse ecosystems.
The presence of glacial features like waterfalls and hanging valleys increases the picturesque quality of the Fjords.
In summary, the formation of fjords involves glacial erosion, sea-level changes, and oceanic processes. The scenic beauty of fjords is characterized by cliffs, clear water, and unique ecosystems, that constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world. However, they are currently under threat from climate change. Sustainable development and reducing global warming effects can help preserve the rich scenic beauty of the fjords.
You may like also:
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon