Question.
Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.
(UPSC 2023 General Studies Paper 3 (Main) Exam, Answer in 150 words)
Answer.
Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae, which can enhance biofuel production and solve the problem of the current fuel shortage.
The following ways microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage:
Bio-ethanol Production:
Microorganisms like Yeast and bacteria help in the fermentation of sugars.
Sugar is mainly derived from biomass, such as sugarcane, corn, or cellulosic materials.
Ethanol, which is a biofuel is produced from sugar by microorganisms through anaerobic fermentation.
Biodiesel Production:
Microorganisms like Algae, certain bacteria, and yeast are used to extract lipids and convert them into biodiesel.
Biogas [ Methane] Production:
Microorganisms mainly bacteria, produce methane ( biogas) through anaerobic digestion of organism waste, such as agricultural residues, animal manure, or municipal solid waste.
Hydrogen Production:
Certain microorganisms can generate hydrogen through fermentation or photosynthesis. For example, Cyanobacteria can produce hydrogen through photosynthesis in the present suitable condition.
In summary, microorganisms through microbial processes contribute to the development of sustainable and renewable energy sources, as an alternative to fossil fuels. However, low yield, technological immaturity, and contamination risk are major challenges for biofuel production. Technological advancement and research in this field aim to create a more environmentally friendly and economically viable solution to the current fuel shortage.
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