1. Which event gave the ideas of liberty freedom and equality?
a) the Russian Revolution
b) the French Revolution
c) the American Civil War
d) Indian Freedom Struggle
Answer. b) the French Revolution ( 1789-1799);
French Revolution introduced the principles of "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity" to the world.
the Russian Revolution (1917-1923) abolished its monarchy and adopted a socialist government in Russia.
2. What does dismantling the Bastille signify?
a) the beginning of the French Revolution
b) The end of the French Revolution
c) Execution of French King
d) All of the Above
Answer. a) the beginning of the French Revolution.
Fort Bastille was seen as a symbol of monarchy and dismantling the Bastille ( 14 July 1789) signifies the beginning of the French Revolution.
3. Match the following:
List-I
A. Livre
B. Clergy
C. Tithe
D. Taille
List-II
1. Unit of currency in France during the French Revolution
2. Group of persons invested with special functions in the church
3. A tax levied by the church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce
4. Tax to be paid directly to the state
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 3 2 1 4
d) 1 3 4 2
Answer. a) 1 2 3 4
Livre – Unit of currency in France, discontinued in 1794
Clergy – Group of persons invested with special functions in the church
Tithe – A tax levied by the church, comprising
one-tenth of the agricultural produce
Taille – Tax to be paid directly to the state
4. Who was the King of France during the French Revolution?
a) King Louis XV
b) King Louis XVI
c King Louis XVII
d) King Louis XVIII
Answer. b) King Louis XVI ( 1774-1789)
In 1774, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of kings ascended the throne of France. He was 20 years old and married to the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette.
5. How many states made up French society?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer. b) 3; The society of estates was part of the feudal system that dated back to the Middle Ages. There were three estates in the French Society.
First Estate-Clergy
Second Estate- Nobility
Third Estate- Big Businessmen, Merchants, Peasants, and servants.
6. Peasants made up about-------- percent of the French population during the French Revolution?
a) 50
b) 60
c) 80
d) 90
Answer. d) 90
Peasants made up about 90 percent of the French population. However, only a small number of them owned the land they cultivated. About 60 percent of the land was owned by nobles, the Church, and other richer members of the third estate. Peasants were obliged to render services to the lord – to work in his house and fields – to serve in the army or to participate in building roads, and pay the tax.
7. Currency in France during the French Revolution was known as?
a) Pound
b) Euro
c) Livre
d) Tithe
Answer. c) Livre was the currency in France.
Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain. The war added more than a billion livres to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion Livres.
8. The name of the tax levied by the church was known as?
a) Tithe
b) Taille
c) Church tax
d) Church donation
Answer. a) Tithe;
Tithe – A tax levied by the church, comprising one-tenth of the agricultural produce.
9. The direct tax which was paid directly to the state by peasants was known as?
a) Tithe
b) Taille
c) Direct Tax
d) Safety Tax
Answer. b) Taille;
The Church too extracted its share of taxes called tithes from the peasants, and finally, all members of the third estate had to pay taxes to the state. These included a direct tax, called taille, and some indirect taxes which were levied on articles of everyday consumption like salt or tobacco.
10. Which thinkers sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right?
a) John Locke
b) Jean Jacques Rousseau
c) Montesquieu
d) Emanual Kant
Answer. a) John Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right in his book 'Two Treatises of Government'.
11. Who proposed a social contract theory of government?
a) John Locke
b) Jean Jacques Rousseau
c) Montesquieu
d) Emanual Kant
Answer. b) Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives.
However, the social contract theory of government was pioneered by Thomas Hobbes. The idea of social contract theory was established by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
12. Who proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary?
a) John Locke
b) Jean Jacques Rousseau
c) Montesquieu
d) Roget de L’Isle
Answer. c) Charles Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.
13. What are the main causes of the French revolution?
a) dissatisfaction of the common people due to rising prices and inflation
b) News of imposition of new taxes
c) economic inequality and social injustice.
d) All of the above
Answer. d) All of the above
14. Louis XVI becomes king of France in which year?
a) 1769
b) 1774
c) 1791
d) 1792
Answer. b) 1774;
In 1774 Louis XVI became king of France and faced empty treasury and growing discontent within the society of the Old Regime.
15. In which year the French Constitution is framed to limit the powers of the king and to guarantee basic rights to all human beings?
a) 1779
b) 1789
c) 1791
d) 1792
Answer. c) 1791;
In the year 1791, the French Constitution is framed to limit the powers of the king and to guarantee basic rights to all human beings.
16. In which year did France become a republic?
a) 1791
b) 1792
c) 1793
d) 1804
Answer. b) 1792;
On 21 September 1792, it abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. As you know, a republic is a form of government where the people elect the government including the head of the government. There is no hereditary monarchy.
17. The French King, Louis XVI was beheaded in which year?
a) 1791
b) 1792
c) 1793
d) 1804
Answer. c) 1793;
Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of treason. On 21 January 1793, he was executed publicly at the Place de la Concorde. The queen Marie Antoinette met with the same fate shortly after.
18. Napoleon became emperor of France in which year?
a) 1791
b) 1792
c) 1793
d) 1804
Answer. d) 1804
19. Napoleon was defeated at the Waterloo battle in which year?
a) 1809
b) 1815
c) 1819
d) 1820
Answer. b) 1815;
The Battle of Waterloo was fought in 1815 between Napoleon's French Army and a coalition led by the Duke of Wellington and Marshal Blucher. This war destroyed Napoleon's imperial power forever in Europe.
20. When did the 3rd estate form the National Assembly for drafting a constitution?
a) 1789
b) 1815
c) 1819
d) 1820
Answer. a) 1789;
In 1789, the Convocation of Estates General, Third Estate formed the National Assembly in Bastille Fort.
21. Match the following concerning the French Revolution:
List-I ( Symbol)
A. The broken chain
B. The bundle of rods or fasces
C. The eye within a triangle radiating light
D. Sceptre
List II ( Meaning)
1. Symbol of royal power
2. The rays of the sun will drive away the clouds of ignorance.
3. Strength lies in unity
4. the act of becoming free
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 3 2 4 3
Answer. c) 4 3 2 1
Symbol: Meaning
The broken chain: the act of becoming free
The bundle of rods or faces: Strength lies in unity
The eye within a triangle radiating light: The rays of the sun will drive away the clouds of ignorance.
Scepter: Symbol of royal power
22. Match the following concerning the French Revolution:
List-I ( Symbol)
A. Red Phrygian cap
B. Blue-white-red
C. The winged woman
D. The Law Tablet
List II ( Meaning)
1. Cap worn by a slave upon becoming free.
2. National colours of France
3. Personification of the law.
4. The law is the same for all, and all are equal before it
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 3 2 4 3
Answer. a) 1 2 3 4
Symbol: Meaning
Red Phrygian cap: Cap worn by a slave upon becoming free
Blue-white-red: National colors of France
The winged woman: Personification of the law
The Law Tablet: The law is the same for all, and all are equal before it
23. The patriotic song "the Marseillaise" was composed by
a) John Locke
b) Jean Jacques Rousseau
c) Montesquieu
d) Roget de L’Isle
Answer. d) Roget de L’Isle composed a patriotic song "the Marseillaise". The Marseillaise is now the national anthem of France.
24. What was the Jacobin Club during the French Revolution?
a) Political group
b) Social group
c) Charitable Group
d) group of first and second estate of French Society
Answer. a) Political group
Jacobin Club, the name which got its name from the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris. The members of the Jacobin Club belonged mainly to the less prosperous sections of society. They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers, as well as servants and daily-wage workers.
25. Who was the leader of the Jacobin Club?
a) Robespierre
b) Camille Desmoulins
c) Dr Guillotin
d) Napolean
Answer. a) Robespierre
The leader of the Jacobin Club was Maximilian Robespierre, who followed a policy of severe control and punishment, the Reign of Terror.
Robespierre was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested, and on the next day sent to the guillotine.
26. Which period is known as "The Reign of Terror"?
a) 1774 to 1789
b) 1775 to 1793
c) 1793 to 1794
d) 1794 to 1799
Answer. c) 1793 to 1794;
The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror.
Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. All those whom he saw as being ‘enemies’ of the republic – ex-nobles and clergy, members of other political parties, even members of his own party who did not agree with his methods – were arrested, imprisoned, and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal. If the court found them ‘guilty’ they were guillotined.
Churches were shut down and their buildings were converted into barracks or offices.
Robespierre was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested, and on the next day sent to the guillotine.
27. Which of the following was well-known a revolutionary woman during the French Revolution?
a) Olympe de Gouges
b) Jeanne D'Arc
c) Marie Antoinette
d) Maria Theresa
Answer. a) Olympe de Gouges;
Olympe de Gouges was one of the most important politically active women in revolutionary France. She protested against the Constitution and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen as they excluded women from basic rights that each human being was entitled to. So, in 1791, she wrote a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen.
In 1793, Olympe de Gouges criticized the Jacobin government for forcibly closing down women’s clubs. She was tried by the National Convention, which charged her with treason. Soon after this, she was executed.
28. One of the most revolutionary social reforms of the Jacobin regime was?
a) the Execution of the French King
b) the abolition of slavery in the French colonies
c) Equal Status of Male and Female
d) Decolonization
Answer. b) the abolition of slavery in the French colonies;
In 1794 legislated to free all slaves in the French overseas possessions. However, it was a short-term measure: ten years later, Napoleon reintroduced slavery. Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies in 1848.
29. Which estate in France comprised the Clergy?
a) First Estate
b) Second Estate
c) Third Estate
d) Fourth Estate
Answer. a) First Estate
30. Which estate in France comprised the Nobility?
a) First Estate
b) Second Estate
c) Third Estate
d) Fourth Estate
Answer. b) Second Estate
31. Which estate in France comprised the Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, and lawyers?
a) First Estate
b) Second Estate
c) Third Estate
d) Fourth Estate
Answer. c) Third Estate
32. The Storming of the Bastille occurred on?
a) 14th July 1789
b) 24th July 1789
c) 29th July 1789
d) 21st June 1789
Answer. a) 14th July 1789; On 14 July, the agitated crowd stormed and destroyed the Bastille.
33.
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