Which one of the following is not a subject devolved to Panchayati Raj Institutions by the 11th Schedule of the Constitution of India?
a) Non-conventional Energy Resources
b) Roads
c) Higher Education
d) Library
Answer. c) Higher Education is not a subject devolved to Panchayati Raj Institutions by the 11th Schedule of the Constitution of India.
About Panchayati Raj Institution:
Article 40 [ DPSP-Directive Principle of State Policy] of the constitution directs to state to organize Village Panchayats as a unit of self-government.
Panchayati Raj Institution is mentioned in Article 243 A to 243 O, Part IX A, and the 11th Schedule of the Constitution.
Article 243A – Gram Sabha.
Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayats.
Article 243C – Composition of Panchayats.
Article 243D – Reservation of seats.
It was enacted through the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, 1992, and implemented on 24th April 1993. That is why, 24 April has been celebrated as Panchayati Raj Day.
It has three layers namely Gram Panchayat, Panchayati Samiti, and district Parishad.
There are 29 subjects in the 11th Schedule of the Constitution. That means Panchayat Raj Institution can make law on the mentioned 29 Subjects. Non-conventional energy resources, rural roads, libraries, Primary and secondary education, Agriculture, Markets and fairs, Drinking water, Social Forestry, Animal Husbandry, etc are some prominent subjects among the 29 subjects.
Rajasthan was the first state to implement the Panchayati Raj institution in October 1959 in Nagpur district. Andhra Pradesh was the second to the Implement Panchayati Raj System.
At Present, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all states except Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram, and in all Union Territories except Delhi.
The Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act, 1996, gives special powers to the Gram Sabhas in Scheduled Areas, especially for the management of natural resources.
One-third ( 33 %) of seats for women in Panchayati Raj institutions are reserved.
The following are committees related to the Panchayati Raj Institution:
1957: Balwant Rai Mehta Committee
1977: Ashok Mehta Committee
1983: Hanumantha Rao Committee
1985: G.V. K Rao Committee
1986: L.M Singhvi Committee
1989: Thungan Committee
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